PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired twice late to take a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.